1). The inherent expectations of a high short-term return on advertising investment that is common to most traders who are attempting to scale up operations is not conductive to a long-term consistency in advertising direction. 2). The lack of significant players with national reach is only one of the factors that explains the relatively low attention given to mass marketing by the retail sector in India. 3). Mass marketing by Indian retail chains has hitherto been the exception rather than the rule. 4). The focused brand image which leads to pithy, punchy advertising has been difficult because most retailers have not been focused in terms of their own vision for their retail brand. Most advertising has tended to focus on the presence of locations or the range. 5). Advertising then tends to focus significantly on announcement of in store promotions and events, where the payoffs in terms of immediate increases in customer entry and average cash memo size are more visible.
Answer: B 3 tells us what the paragraph is all about and therefore it is opening statement. 2 is explanatory.
Q. No. 8:
1). The sum of all tangible and intangible traits - beliefs, values, prejudices, interests, features and ancestry - make a unique personality. 2). People's personalities are determined largely through values and beliefs they have, and the personality characteristics they develop. 3). A brand personally visually and collectively represents all internal and external characteristics of the product. 4). The world's most powerful brands are invested with a distinct personality because people make judgements about products and companies in personality terms. 5). The closer the brand personality is to the consumer personality, the greater will be the willingness to buy the brand and deeper the brand loyalty.
Answer: A The paragraph is about brand personality, and how it is related to people's personalities. Since brand is main topic, 4 should appear first.
Q. No. 9:
1). More organisations today seek a transformation in their businesses, yet most of them think of and talk about managing change. 2). Change is characterised by 'reactivity'. Most of us live in the domain of change both as individuals and as organisations. 3). The characteristics of transformation are positive and actually creative. They stem from a new found sense of puposefulness, once a higher purpose is discovered. 4). The implications of this conflict will not be fully appreciated until we learn to distinguish between change and transformation. 5). Clearly, we all aspire to live in the domain of transformation even if we presently are in the domain of change.
Answer: A 1 is clearly the opening statement and 5 is the closing statement. 4 explains 1.
Q. No. 10:
1). Electronic transactions are happening in closed group networks and Internet. Electronic commerce is one of the most important aspects of Internet to emerge. 2). Cash transactions offer both privacy and anonymity as it does not contain information that can be used to identify the parties nor the transaction history. 3). To support e-commerce, we need effective payment systems and secure communication channels and data integrity. 4). The whole structure of traditional money is built on faith and so will electronic money have to be. 5). Moreover, money is worth what it is because we have come to accept it.
Answer: A This paragraph is about cash transaction vis-a-vis electronic commerce. The observation on cash transaction have to precide e-com . Therefore, the paragraph must start with 2.
Q. No. 11:
P). Since Independence the policy of the government of India towards private foreign investment and collaboration has moved from cautious encouragement through a brief spell of near 'open door' in the fifties, a long phase of rigorous selectivity from 1968 to 1991 onto current post-1991 policy of open encouragement of direct investment specially in priority areas even with 51 percent participation in equity. 1). Independent India started with a legacy of well-established foreign capital and all the fear and prejudice associated with it. 2). Based on the exposure of a series of misdeeds perpetrated on some third countries by some of the multinational like International Telephone and Telegraph corp. (ITT), United Fruit, Union Miniere and Lockheed, criticism welled up against the MNCs in the Indian parliament and outside. 3). During the seventies and eighties, official view has been inevitably influenced by the controversy the world over on the role of multinational corporations in relation to third world countries. 4). While the overwhelming thrust has all along been towards the goal of a self-sufficient economy and of freeing national economic and industrial policy from the dictates and manipulates of foreign capital, the compulsions of an economy of scarcity and chronic foreign exchange deficiency also had an effect in shaping official policy towards foreign investment and foreign collaboration. Q). On the other hand, there was also a realisation that all foreign enterprises operating in India should not be tarred with the same brush and that there were some amongst them who were performing a useful role in the economy by their import-substitution or export-oriented operation, or by making valuable contribution to the technological skill and capability pf our country.
Answer: B 'Independent India' of '1' and 'since independence' of 1 make for a natural pair. 'On the other hand...should not be tarred' of Q supports 'criticism' of 2 to naturally precede it.
Q. No. 12:
P). Exchange control does not altogether prohibit Indian banks keeping open positions during the course of a day. 1). Indeed, unless they are willing to take open positions, they will cease to be market-makers. 2). For market-makers offering two-way quotes in the international markets, open positions are far more common. 3). Thus, depending on the policy of a bank, dealers may be allowed to take intra-day positions in order to make profit. 4). For instance, a dealer expecting the dollar to weaken during the day might deliberately create, through customer transactions and transaction in the inter-bank market, an oversold position in the hope of squaring it later during a day at a profit, should his expectation about the dollar weakening materialise. Q). Large overbought or oversold positions are often deliberately built up in the hope of profiting from price movements.
Answer: D 'Thus' of 3 is an explanation of P; 'for instance' of 4 an example. 'Indeed' of 1 has to make it one following a sentence which is 'open portion' talked about in 2.